2006年高考英语试题(天津卷)2

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C

Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（剑）。 Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brogher was using the beat-up ones.”

“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’t an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can bradually gain dominance（支配地位） when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.

Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands at the young isn’t healthy for children or the family, Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.

When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as the top dog if no one likes your bossy ways.

“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”

43. Bossy children like Stephen Jackson .

A. make good decisions

B. show self-centeredness

C. lack care from others

D. have little sense of fear

44. The underlined phrase“inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means .

A. inborn nature

B. developed character

C. accepted theory

D. particular environment

45. The study on bossy behavior implies that parents .

A. should give more power to their children

B. should be strict with their children

C. should not be so anxious about their children

D. should not set limits for their children

46. Bossy children may probably become .

A. relaxed B.skillful

C. hesitant D.lonely

47. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How bossy behavior can be controlled.

B. How we can get along with bossy children.

C. What leads to children’s bossy behavior.

D. What effect bossy behavior brings about.

D

Researchers are placing robotic dogs（机器狗）in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people’s depression, physical activity, and lefe satisfaction. “No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated（刺激）,”Edwards points out. “The problem is how we promote（使……成为现实）that,especially for those without riends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution.”

In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.

“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady, “When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”

The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.

“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry.” Beck says. “But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.”

“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels. Or heart rhythms. ASIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds.”

48. The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to .

A. understand human-animal relationship

B. make lonely old people’s life better

C. find the causes of old people’s loneliness

D. promote the animal-assisted research

49. In the research, the old people are asked to .

A. note the activities of AIBOs

B. keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks

C. record their feelings and activity

D. analyze the collected information

50. What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?

A. It is easier to keep at home.

B. It can help the disabled people.

C. It responds to all the human orders.

D. It can watch TV with its owner.

51. The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may .

A. cure certain diseases

B. keep old people active

C. change people’s beliefs

D. look more like real gods

E

Attitubde is an internal（内在的）state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual（个人）. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from defferences between beliefs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.

The kinds of actions taken by human beings are obviously influenced greatly by attitudes. Whether one listens to classical music or rock, whether one obeys the speed limit while driving, whether one encourages one’s husband or wife to express his or her own ideas－all are influenced by attitudes. These internal states are acquired（获得） throughout life from sitations one is faced with in the home, in the streets, and in the school.

Of course, the course of action chosen by an individual in any situation will be largely determined by the particulars of that situation. An individual who has a strong attitude of obeying laws may drive too fast when he is in a hurry and no police cars in sight. Achild who has a strong attitude of honesty may steal a penny when she thinks no one will notice, But the internal state which remains unchanged over a period of time, and which makes the individual behave regularly in a variety of situations, is what is meant by an attitude.

Attitudes are learned in a variety of ways. They can result from single incidents, as when an attitude toward snakes is acquired by an experience in childhood at the sudden wovement of a snake. They can result from the individual’s experiences of success and pleasure, as when someone acquires a positive attitude toward doing crossword puzzles by being able to complete some of them, And frequently, they are learned by copying other people’s behavior, as when a child learns how to behave toward foreigners by observing the actions of his parents. Regaudless of these differences, there is something in common in the learning and modihcation（修正）of attitudes.

52. According to the passage, attitudes .

A. come from different situations in one’s life

B. are largely affected by one’s behavior

C. remain unchanged in one’s daily life

D. could be chosen according to one’s will

53. The author uses the examples in Paragraph 3 to show .

A. people often make mistakes when they are not noticed

B. people with good attitudes may sometimes do bad deeds

C. particulars of a situation may influence an individual’s action

D. an individual may change his or her attitude fairly easily

54. Which of the following is TRUE about the learning of attitudes?

A. Attitudes are only learned through one’s success.

B. Attitudes learned in danger will last longer.

C. Copying others behavior is not a good idea.

D. Attitudes can be learned from one’s parents.

55. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Differences of Attitudes.

B. Nature of Attitude.

C. Choices of Attitudes.

D. Modification of Attitude.